Maximizing Your Summer Break: How to Make the Most of Summer Internship MBA/BBA Projects and Home Tuitions

 Summer break is the perfect time for students to recharge their batteries, explore new opportunities and gain valuable experience that can help them in their future careers. This is especially true for MBA and BBA students who are seeking to enhance their skills, knowledge, and credentials in business management. If you are an MBA/BBA student looking to make the most of your summer break, then you should consider participating in summer internships or enrolling in home tuitions or online tuitions.

Summer Internship MBA/BBA Projects:

Summer internships are a great way to gain practical experience in the business world, build professional networks, and enhance your resume. MBA/BBA students can find summer internships in various industries such as finance, marketing, operations, human resources, and more. The experience gained from summer internships can help you stand out when you apply for full-time jobs after graduation.

When selecting a summer internship, it is important to choose one that aligns with your career goals and interests. Look for internships that offer opportunities for learning, growth, and mentorship. You can also consider internships that provide a stipend or other benefits to help offset your expenses.

MBA & BBA Home Tuitions:

If you are an MBA/BBA student who wants to make the most of your summer break but prefers to work from home, then you can consider becoming a home tutor. Many students seek home tuitions during the summer break to prepare for their upcoming exams or to learn new skills. You can leverage your knowledge and expertise in business management to teach students who are interested in pursuing a career in business.

To become a home tutor, you will need to have good communication skills, patience, and a passion for teaching. You can advertise your services through social media, local classifieds or by word of mouth. You can also consider joining a tutoring agency or online platform to expand your reach and connect with more students.

MBA/BBA Online Tuitions:

Online tuitions have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their convenience, flexibility, and accessibility. MBA/BBA students who want to learn from the comfort of their own homes can enroll in online tuitions that offer interactive classes, assignments, and assessments. Online tuitions can also be more affordable than traditional classroom-based programs.

When selecting an online tuition program, it is important to choose one that is reputable, accredited, and offers high-quality instruction. Look for programs that have experienced faculty, a well-designed curriculum, and good student reviews. You can also compare prices and features across different programs to find the one that best suits your needs and budget.

In conclusion, MBA/BBA students can make the most of their summer break by participating in summer internships, becoming home tutors, or enrolling in online tuitions. These opportunities can help you gain practical experience, build your skills, and enhance your credentials in the competitive world of business management. So, don't waste your summer break, start exploring these options today!

Exploring the Benefits of Summer Internship MBA/BBA Projects and Home Tutors & Online Tuition

Summer internships are a crucial aspect of any MBA or BBA program. They provide students with the opportunity to gain real-world experience, network with professionals in their field, and develop essential skills for their future careers. However, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional format of internships has been disrupted, and students are now seeking alternative options for gaining practical experience.

One such alternative is to opt for a summer internship MBA/BBA project. These projects are similar to internships, but they typically focus on a specific project or task rather than an extended work experience. The projects are often supervised by a faculty member or industry professional, and students are required to submit a report detailing their findings and recommendations.

In addition to project-based internships, another alternative is to seek out a home tutor for MBA or BBA studies. With the rise of online education, many tutors now offer online tuition services to students looking for extra support in their studies. This option can be particularly useful for students who struggle with certain topics or need extra guidance in specific areas.

Moreover, with the convenience of online tuition, students can now access home tutors from anywhere in the world, regardless of their location. This means that students can choose from a broader range of tutors and find the best match for their needs.

The benefits of both summer internship projects and home tutors for MBA and BBA students are undeniable. They offer a practical and convenient way for students to gain valuable experience and support in their studies. Moreover, they can help students stand out in a competitive job market by demonstrating their practical skills and dedication to their studies.

In conclusion, as the world continues to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential for MBA and BBA students to explore alternative options for gaining experience and support in their studies. Summer internship projects and home tutors & online tuition are such alternatives that offer practical and convenient solutions for students seeking to enhance their education and career prospects.

Organization and Strategy at Millennium (A) HBS CAse Study solution - Core issues, Root cause/s of the problem and Probable solutions based on the root cause to solve the problems of Millennium

HBS CASE - Organization and Strategy at Millennium (A)

As  Deborah  Dunsire,  M.D.  returned  home  from  her  January  2005  interviews  at  Millennium Pharmaceuticals (Millennium), she ran through her assessment of the challenges she would face at  the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based biopharmaceutical firm. As a potential successor to founding CEO Mark Levin, Dunsire’s first priority was to bring Millennium to profitability. To succeed, she knew   that   she   would  need  to  rapidly   establish  a   productive   relationship   with Millennium’s management team. Among other things, the team would need to reevaluate the number of disease classes Millennium could feasibly tackle and to determine how the firm should allocate its limited resources  across  the  value  chain  activities  of  early-stage  discovery  research,  later-stage      drug development and final product commercialization. Dunsire would present her initial plans for Millennium to the board on Monday morning. Sitting in her living room, she pulled out a legal pad and began to jot down her thoughts.................

Millennium

Core issues related to the case:

v To establish a formal set up in the organisation and a productive relationship with Millennium’s management team while maintaining its entrepreneurial vision and culture.

v To bring Millennium back to profitability by moving it from its R&D roots to a more commercially-focused platform.

v To regain credibility with the investment community.

v To reallocate the resources of Millennium between its commercial and R&D platforms.

v To optimize current commercial opportunities without jeopardizing future product development.

v Informal review process and compensation system.

v Lack of employees in commercial wing of Millennium.

v Ignorance of competition faced by the company with regard to its products.

v Failure due to marketing philosophy of Millennium.

v Losses due to failure of some alliances.

v Lack of competent employees at executive level mainly in R&D.

Analysis of data for the root cause/s of the problem

Millennium’s organizational structure and processes had always been more informal than those of larger companies. It was organized around its people.  Employees relied on informal committees and ad-hoc systems throughout the firm to help guide the business and coordinate operations. A lot of people resisted or resented the change in culture when Levin began to professionalize executive meetings when Millennium prepared to launch Velcade commercially and to restructure its business. There was Frustration among employees due to informal review process and biasness in terms of deciding over compensation policy.

Over time some disadvantages of the alliances began to manifest themselves. Failure occurred in acquisition of CORE by Millennium. Huge cost incurred in restructuring process in 2003. Millennium fails to consider the competition Integrilin faced in the market. Marketing philosophy of Millennium that markets were won through good science and clinical data so products based on good data would sell them itself posed a problem. Less number of employees in commercial team of Millennium and also they were not experts in what they were selling in the market.

Partnership revenues were falling, due to the shift in business model from an R&D services organization to a fully-integrated company focused on its own pipeline, and raising significant amounts of additional outside capital was unlikely following the 2001 burst of the technology bubble and subsequently weak capital markets. Millennium booked $191 million in restructuring charges and the company booked a net loss of $590 million in 2002 $484 million in 2003. Millennium’s management believed that markets were won through good science and clinical data so products based on good data would sell themselves. This philosophy left little room for a marketer to express his or her opinions on competing in the marketplace through education and promotion.

Millennium’s commercial team was relatively small. The Velcade sales team detailed to oncologists with a vast majority working from their own private practices or in out-patient units of hospitals. The Integrilin team detailed to cardiologists and purchasing groups in hospitals with critical care facilities for percutaneous infusions. Both therapeutic areas required keen understanding of the clinical trial results of their respective products and those of their competitors. It was unrealistic to require a sales Representative to master the material of both products. Complicating these differences was that both products faced intense competition and required significant investment to remain competitive. It was difficult to imagine diluting the focus of a commercial rep by leveraging him or her to work on both products.

 Probable solutions based on the root cause to solve the problems:

The company should increase the number of experienced sales representatives in its commercial departments to cope up with the competition prevailing in the market. Instead of filling vacant positions at senior levels in R&D and commercial departments, Dunsire should go for internal recruitment as existing employees better understand the organisation and they can optimize the resources at the maximum possible to maintain a sound equilibrium between R & D and commercial segment. The company should also facilitate intense training to the existing and new employees in commercial segment. Employees should be given autonomy in performing their task, organizing adhoc meetings in order to maintain the culture of entrepreneurship but a continuous performance management system should be implemented in the organisation to decide over the compensation, promotion and other benefits to be provided to the employees. The company should prepare an intense marketing strategy with an objective is to become market leader in the products they deal in at the minimum time possible. Investors will show confidence in the company only it starts generating huge revenue from both of its segments commercial as well as R &D. The company should decide over its R&D products and reduce its cost of research spend at the minimum possible in order to increase the profitability of the company.

McDonald’s Corporation Case Study solution: McDonald's Strategic issues, McDonald's Corporation’s Core competencies, McDonald's Corporation’s VRIO Framework, McDonald Corporation’s’ business model and its revenue streams, McDonald's PESTEL analysis to analyze impact on the company’s ability to sustain a competitive advantage

McDonald’s Corporation Case Study 

TASK ONE

After reading the case study McDonald’s Corporation, prepare a report on the attractiveness of the fast food industry from the perspective of McDonald’s Corporation, an American fast food company founded in California, United States, best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, soft drinks, wraps, and desserts now faces the challenges of increased competition. You should prepare your answer in a report format and comment on:

·         The strategic issues that McDonald needs to address

·         The core competencies of McDonald

·         The business model of McDonald? Also, discuss on the various strategies/techniques how McDonald earns money? 

TASK TWO 

Your task is to analyze McDonald Corporation’s external environment and prepare:

·         The trends in McDonald’s’ external environment that are likely to have the greatest impact on the company’s ability to sustain a competitive advantage?

McDonald’s Corporation Case Study solution

The strategic issues that McDonald needs to address:

·        Providing product that balances quality, speed, and affordability. Complaints about speed of service have “increased significantly” in recent years, with the McDonald’s service experience described as “chaotic.”

·         Innovating the menu without creating unnecessary menu scope creep.

·         Responding to competitive threats and other quick-service restaurants such as Wendy’s, Burger king, and Yum! Brands’ Taco Bell.  without losing the company’s core identity. McDonald’s is roughly twice the size of its next largest global competitor (all three Yum! Brands combined), but has slightly fewer outlets. It controls almost half of the U.S. hamburger market, which is more than three times larger than the market share held by either Wendy’s or Burger king.

·         Prevention of complacency, in spite of many years of relative success.

·         Defining a clear vision of what it wants to be and a plan for how to get there.

·         Resolution of the case that the National labor Relations Board’s (NlRB) general counsel has filed against it claiming that the company has enough control over franchise operations to be considered a joint employer.

·         Resolution of serious staffing issues if it is to improve customer loyalty. An internal survey results one out of every five customer complaints was about “rude or unprofessional employees.

·         Increasing its appeal to millennials. Millenials are consistently choosing “fresh and healthy” over “fast and convenient” and “McDonald’s is having trouble convincing them it can be both. McDonald’s has to find interesting and engaging ways to share that information with them, not old-fashioned corporate lecturing.

·         Improving public perceptions of the McDonald’s brand. In July 2014, the Big Mac earned the dubious distinction of being America’s worst hamburger, placing last out of 21 in a study by Consumer Reports. McDonald’s also ranked lowest among peers in the 2015 American Customer Satisfaction Index. Fast food restaurants overall dropped 3.8 percent, but McDonald’s fell by six percent from 2014, holding firm in the last spot.

·         Becoming more “culinary inspired” and to simplify food labels by reducing the number of preservatives. There are still 19 ingredients in the French fries McDonald’s serves in the United States, compared to just five in Great Britain.

The core competencies of McDonald Corporation’s

Core competencies of McDonald’s can be analyses using VRIO framework.

Value:

Various resources and capabilities that add value and make it competent in market include:

·         McDonald’s has a strong brand image all around the globe. Branding helps it to generate huge revenue and promote its marketing efforts more efficiently.

·         McDonald’s continuously follows an aggressive technology upgrade to allow Starbucks-like interactivity to both smooth out operational waiting times and improve the customer experience.

·         As a direct competitive response to the “better burger chains,” McDonald’s is offering “Build Your Own” tablets where customers design their own sandwich from over 30 choices of meats, toppings, and buns. This presents an interesting conundrum for a quick-serve restaurant that generates roughly two-thirds of its revenue from drive-through customers.

·         To increase its appeal to millennials, McDonald’s has hired Google executive to lead McDonald’s “Experience of the Future,” which includes an improved social media presence, development of a Smartphone app, and testing of mobile payment systems.

Rare

Resources and capabilities of McDonald’s which are rare include:

·         McDonald’s share has given a 56.26 % return to its shareholders in a period of two years from July 2015 to July 2017 as compared to Dow Jones index return of 21.91 % for the same period.

·         McDonald’s is roughly twice the size of its next largest global competitor (Wendy’s, Burger king, and Yum! Brands’ Taco Bell, all three combined). It controls almost half of the U.S. hamburger market, which is more than three times larger than the market share held by either Wendy’s or Burger king.

·         In addition to curtailing antibiotic use in its U.S. chicken supply, McDonald’s is now selling dairy products from growth- hormone-free cattle. The company has also pledged to examine its product ingredients and review its food preparation procedures. Its goal is to become more “culinary inspired” and to simplify food labels by reducing the number of preservatives.

·         McDonald’s is giving customers more choice in what they eat is by giving franchises more freedom to offer locally relevant menu items. Local restaurant operators can choose items from the company’s global pipeline and adjust them as needed to suit local tastes. Managers will also be granted more freedom to run their own promotions to increase store traffic.

Costly to intimate

List of capabilities and resources of McDonald’s which are costly to intimate include:

·         In 2017, McDonald’s operated a total 37,000 restaurants globally, with 14,300 of them in the U.S. One of Easterbrook’s first major moves was to propose all-day breakfast in all U.S. restaurants, the company’s biggest initiative in six years.

·         McDonald’s is present in more than 120 countries which enables its ability to maintain the business in most efficient manner.

·         In China and Hong kong, the company recently sold an 80 percent stake in their 1,750 restaurants to Citic (state-owned investment group) and the U.S. private equity firm, Carlyle. They are currently looking for these partners to open an additional 1,500 stores in China, Hong kong, and korea.

Organized to capture Value

Resources and capabilities of McDonald’s which are organized in a structured way tp add value to organisation include:

·         McDonald’s has strong supply chain management embedded with advanced technology to bridge the gap in the system and serve the customers to the best.

·         To free up space for  new offerings, the company has planned to phase out underperforming features such as the snack wrap and reduce the number of extra value meals. McDonald’s menu has swollen to over 120 items. A greater variety of menu options helps to draw new customers into stores.

·         The company has launched a video series entitled “Our Food, Your Questions,” demonstrating how McDonald’s food items are made. The company has responded to 40,000 questions and that the increased transparency has been well received. In June 2015, McDonald’s has hired Robert Gibbs, former White House Press Secretary under President Obama, to serve as executive vice president and global chief communications officer, and Silvia lagnado, previously with Bacardi ltd, to serve as head of global marketing to take over the company’s media affairs.

·         The company grants employees the ability to accrue up to five days of paid vacation annually after one year of employment.

      [RBL Academy provides best coaching, home tutor, home tuition, online tuition, Project and assignment solutions for all subjects of Class 11 and 12 Accounts, Business Studies and economics. Home tuition for BBA, B.Com, MBA, CA, CS and CMA all subjects Financial management, Cost Accounting, Management Accounting, Corporate Finance, Business Statistics, Economics, Income Tax, Financial Accounting, Operation Research, Operation Management, Business Statistics, Investment Management, Security analysis and Portfolio Management, Corporate Accounting, Research methodology, Corporate tax Planning, Strategic Financial Management, Advance Cost Accounting, Financial Derivatives and all other subjects as per requirement of students are also offered.]

McDonald's Corporation’s’ business model and its revenue streams

McDonald’s management philosophy is three-legged stool:

One leg is the parent corporation,

The second leg is the franchisees, and

The third is McDonald’s suppliers.

It has built an ever-larger network of store owners and an integrated supply-chain management system. Many new menu items, such as the Big Mac and Egg McMuffin, have been developed by the franchisees. It encouraged local owners to be entrepreneurial as long as they maintain the company’s four main principles: quality, service, cleanliness, and value. Because of the volume of McDonald’s business, it found many supply partners willing to adhere to his high standards.

McDonald’s both owns and operates its own restaurants, as well as, franchisees them to others. The large majority of restaurants are franchised (85 percent) and McDonald’s makes money by leveraging its product, fast food, to franchisees that have to lease properties, often at large mark-ups that are owned by McDonald's. McDonald's runs a franchising business model under which it trades access to its brand, its operating infrastructure, and its resources to restaurant operators for a hefty price. These entrepreneurs pay an initial fee at the start of their franchise. They also send in an ongoing royalty that's based on a percentage of their sales. Finally, franchisees pay McDonald's rent for the property that, by the way, can't drop below a certain rate and is set on 20-year terms.

There are three primary franchise ownership structures:

 1) Conventional franchisee,

2) Developmental license, and

 3) Affiliates.

Under a conventional franchise agreement, the company typically owns the land and building, and leases the location to the franchisee. The franchisee pays for “equipment, signs, seating and décor.” As the equipment depreciates or new facilities or food preparation processes are required, the franchisee is expected to reinvest in the business. McDonald’s also co-invests into specific strategic initiatives to motivate franchisees to adopt changes. Franchisees pay rent and royalties based on a percentage of sales, with specific minimum rent payments and initial fees paid upon opening a new restaurant or acquiring a new franchise. The typical franchisee lease is 20 years.

The specific conditions of the franchise agreement vary on the owner’s experience, credit capacity, and the local legal environment. Franchisees can vary significantly in size.

The largest franchisee has a developmental license for 2,200 restaurants across latin America and the Caribbean. On the other end of the spectrum, some franchisees own and operate a single location.

[RBL Academy  provides online tuition, coaching classes, home tuition, home tutor, project and assignment solutions to XI, XII, BBA, B.COM (H), MBA & CA students from various schools, institutes and universities such as Amity University, IGNOU, CCSU, MDU, ROHTAK UNIVERSITY, D.U., G.B.T.U., M.T.U., S.M.U., P.T.U., Annamalai, Jamia, Jaypee, IILM, NIILM, U.P.T.U., Manav Rachna University, Sharda University, Lovely Professional University etc.]

The trends in McDonald’s’ external environment that are likely to have the greatest impact on the company’s ability to sustain a competitive advantage

McDonald’s external environment can be analysed using PESTEL analysis frameworks that have the greatest impact on its ability to sustain a competitive advantage.

Political

The turnover in fast food industry is very fast due to high stress and less pay. Activists lobby for a larger pay raise. The National labor Relations Board’s (NlRB) general counsel has filed a suit claiming that McDonald’s has enough control over franchise operations to be considered a joint employer. McDonald’s raise pay to at least $1 more per hour than the local minimum wage will be enough to attract and retain motivated workers. The company also granted employees the ability to accrue up to five days of paid vacation annually after one year of employment.  

Economical

The unemployment rate has been cut in half from its 2009 peak at 10.0 percent to just 5.1 percent in 2015, and per capita real disposable income is near record highs. For the first time ever, American spending on dining out exceeded grocery sales in April 2015. According to the Restaurant Association, millennials tend to favor quick service, deli, and pizza joints over more traditional casual and high-end dining; ethnic foods are also viewed as new and interesting. McDonald’s is giving customers more choice in what they eat is by giving franchises more freedom to offer locally relevant menu items. McDonald’s has customised its products where customers design their own sandwich from over 30 choices of meats, toppings, and buns.

Social

Obesity-related health care expenses in the United States total $663 billion annually. Beef still comprises the highest proportion (58 percent) of meat consumed in the United States, but health-conscious consumers are increasingly shifting toward poultry and other lean meats. Concerns over the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria have led to calls for the elimination of sub therapeutic antibiotic use in meat animals. McDonald’s has stopped selling chicken products from birds treated with antibiotics important to human health. Besides ending the use of antibiotics in the chickens used, McDonald’s also decided to remove high-fructose corn syrup from McDonald’s hamburger buns. It also laid out a 10-year plan to only use suppliers that keep chickens cage free. McDonald’s also offers dairy products from growth- hormone-free cattle. The company has also pledged to examine its product ingredients and review its food preparation procedures.

Technological

To attract millennial, McDonald’s has improved its social media presence, developed a smart phone app, and mobile payment systems. With its major move to propose all-day breakfast in all U.S. All kitchens are now equipped with separate grills for cooking eggs and burgers, rolling carts and utensils to use just with eggs (to prevent contamination), and new toasters so that they can prepare both buns and muffins at the same time (they toast at different temperatures). Advance technological adoption in supply chain management and franchise system makes it much ahead of its customers. McDonalds uses latest technologies for service and food delivery. McDonald’s continuous effort in technological upgradation in its supply chain and customer relationship management gives it an edge to achieve competitive advantage in market.

Environmental

Severe drought led to increase in price of beef which forced farmers to turn to more expensive forms of feed such as hay and corn, to ship cattle to greener pastures in the north, or to cull their herds through sales or sending heifers to the butcher instead of breeding them. The resulting price increases for supplies ranging from bread to eggs to meat are squeezing already tight operating margins.McDonald’s is maintaining its price by reducing its cost at other operational activities to gat a competitive advantage in the market.

Legal

To support healthier food choices, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act stipulated that calorie counts must be displayed on all food service menus of chains with at least 20 units and that restaurants must provide additional nutritional information upon request. These trends place considerable pressure on a fast food company that depends on hamburgers for the main portion of its income. McDonald’s reduced its Happy Meal calorie count by 20 percent by adding apples and halving the amount of french fries. McDonald’s has reduced the sodium content of its food by 15 percent, and plans to make further reductions in calories, sugars, saturated fats, and portion sizes by 2020. There are so many health related laws that can affect fast food businesses. McDonalds operates in more than 100 countries and has to remain cautious about compliance so as to not become a target of law.

[RBL Academy provides online tuition, coaching, home tutor, home tuition, project and assignment solutions for XI, XII, BBA, B.COM, MBA, CA CPT, IPCC, Final, CS Foundation, Executive & Professional, CMA Foundation, Inter & Final. RBL Academy assists these students in almost all their subjects of their course curriculum such as Accountancy, cost Accountancy, Management Accounting, Business Law, economics, Strategic Financial Management, Income Tax, Indirect Tax, Economics, Statistics, Auditing, Business Communication, Business Ethics and all other subjects as per the requirement.]

References

·         McDonald’s, “Annual report, 2016, ” last modified March 1, 2017,http://bit.ly/2qXPprQ.

·         “National Economic Trends,” Economic Research, accessed October 2017,https://research.stlouisfed.org/ datatrends/net/page3.php.

·         Bethkowitt,“Inside McDonald’sBoldDecision toGo CageFree,”Fortune, lastmodified August 18, 2016, http://fortune.com/mcdonalds-cage-free/.

·         “Big Mac’s Makeover,” Economist.

·         Julie Jargon, “McDonald’s to Pare Menu, Review Ingredients,” Wall Street Journal, last modified December 10, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/mcdonalds-planning-new-menu-with-fewer-items-1418230599.

·         Stephanie Strom, “McDonald’s Seeks its Fast-Food Soul,” New York Times, March 7, 2015, https://www.nytimes. com/2015/03/08/business/mcdonalds-seeks-its-fast-food-soul.html?_r=0.

·         Joshua Brown, “McDonald’s Fixes its Marketing, Chipotle Fixes its Product,” Fortune, last modified January 21, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/01/21/mcdonalds-chipotle-integrity-trust/.

·         Mary Bowerman, “What’s America’s Favorite Fast-Food Restaurant?” USA Today, last modified July 1, 2015, https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/07/01/ chick-fila--america-favorite-restaurant-mcdonalds-consumer-survey/29554303/

·         Jargon, “McDonald’s to Pare Menu, Review Ingredients,” Wall Street Journal.

·         Strom, “McDonald’s Seeks its Fast-Food Soul,” New York Times.

·         Jargon, “McDonald’s Faces ‘Millennial’ Challenge,” Wall Street Journal.

·         Beth Kowitt, “Fallen Arches: Can McDonald’s Get its Mojo Back?” Fortune, last modified November 12, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/11/12/can-mcdonalds-get-its-mojo-back/.

·         Dean, Brat, and Gasparro, “McDonald’s CEO is Out As Sales Decline,” Wall Street Journal.

·         “When the Chips are Down,” Economist, last modified July 22, 2010, http://www.economist.com/ node/16646178

·         Julie Jargon, “McDonald’s Tackles Repair of ‘Broken’ Service,” Wall Street Journal, last modified April 10, 2013, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324010704578414901710175648.

·         Jargon, “McDonald’s Tackles Repair of ‘Broken’ Service,” Wall Street Journal

·         “McDonald’s Agrees Chinese Franchise Sale,” BBC News, last modified January 9, 2017, http://bbc.in/2frmkRk.

·         The VRIO framework   Jay B. Barney and William S. Hesterly  Source: Barney, J. B. and Hesterly, W.S.  (2010)  Strategic Management and  Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases,  third  edition, Pearson Education.

·         Anon, (2015). PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment. [online] Available at: https://frrl.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/pestlanalysis.pdf [Accessed 2 Dec. 2015].